Notes on Magnetism

1. Magnetic Field
    - distribution of a magnetic force in the region of a magnet

2. Simiar poles repel each other
    Dissimilar force attract each other

3. Earth's magnetic field is produced because of a flow of hot liquid metals inside Earth

4. Ferromagnetic metals
    - have atomic structure that seems to make them strongly magnetic

5. Domain Theory of magnets
    - All large magnets are made up of many smaller and rotatable magnets, called dipoles

6. Oersted's Principle
    Charge moving through a conductor produces a circular magnetic field around the conductor

7. First right-hand rule for conductors
    Grasp conductor with the thumb of the right hand pointing in the direction of conventional, or positive (+),  current flow. The curved fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field around the conductor.

8. Second right-hand rule for coils
    Grasp the coiled conductor with the right hand such that curved fingers point in the direction of conventional, or positive (+), current flow. The thumb points in the direction of the magnetic field within the coil. Outside the coil, the thumb represents the north (N) end of the electromagnet produced by the coil.

9. Factors that determine the strength of an electromagnet
    - Current in coil (Current ↑, field strenth ↑)
     - Number of turns in coil (# of turns ↑, field strength ↑)
     - Type of material (More ferromagnetic, field ↑)
     - Size of coil (Dianeter of coil ↓, field ↑)

10. Left-hand rule #1 for conductors
       Grasp the conductor with your left hand such that the thumb points in the direction of electron (-) current flow. The curved fingers point in the direction of the circular magnetic field around the conductor.